Since The United Nations Partition Of PALESTINE In 1947 And The Essays

Since the United Nations partition of PALESTINE in 1947 and the establishment of the modern state of ISRAEL in 1948, there have been four major Arab-Israeli wars (1947-49, 1956, 1967, and 1973) and numerous intermittent battles. Although Egypt and Israel signed a peace treaty in 1979, hostility between Israel and the rest of its Arab neighbors, complicated by the demands of Palestinian Arabs, continued into the 1980s. THE FIRST PALESTINE WAR (1947-49) The first war began as a civil conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs following the United Nations recommendation of Nov. 29, 1947, to partition Palestine, then still under British mandate, into an Arab state and a Jewish state. Fighting quickly spread as Arab guerrillas attacked Jewish settlements and communication links to prevent implementation of the UN plan. Jewish forces prevented seizure of most settlements, but Arab guerrillas, supported by the Transjordanian Arab Legion under the command of British officers, besieged Jerusalem. By April, Haganah, the principal Jewish military group, seized the offensive, scoring victories against the Arab Liberation Army in northern Palestine, Jaffa, and Jerusalem. British military forces withdrew to Haifa; although officially neutral, some commanders assisted one side or the other. After the British had departed and the state of Israel had been established on May 15, 1948, under the premiership of David BEN-GURION, the Palestine Arab forces and foreign volunteers were joined by regular armies of Transjordan (now the kingdom of JORDAN), IRAQ, LEBANON, and SYRIA, with token support from SAUDI ARABIA. Efforts by the UN to halt the fighting were unsuccessful until June 11, when a 4-week truce was declared. When the Arab states refused to renew the truce, ten more days of fighting erupted. In that time Israel greatly extended the area under its control and broke the siege of Jerusalem. Fighting on a smaller scale continued during the second UN truce beginning in mid-July, and Israel acquired more territory, especially in Galilee and the Negev. By January 1949, when the last battles ended, Israel had extended its frontiers by about 5,000 sq km (1,930 sq mi) beyond the 15,500 sq km (4,983 sq mi) allocated to the Jewish state in the UN partition resolution. It had also secured its independence. During 1949, armistice agreements were signed under UN auspices between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon. The armistice frontiers were unofficial boundaries until 1967. SUEZ-SINAI WAR (1956) Border conflicts between Israel and the Arabs continued despite provisions in the 1949 armistice agreements for peace negotiations. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinian Arabs who had left Israeli-held territory during the first war concentrated in refugee camps along Israel's frontiers and became a major source of friction when they infiltrated back to their homes or attacked Israeli border settlements. A major tension point was the Egyptian-controlled GAZA STRIP, which was used by Arab guerrillas for raids into southern Israel. Egypt's blockade of Israeli shipping in the Suez Canal and Gulf of Aqaba intensified the hostilities. These escalating tensions converged with the SUEZ CRISIS caused by the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egyptian president Gamal NASSER. Great Britain and France strenuously objected to Nasser's policies, and a joint military campaign was planned against Egypt with the understanding that Israel would take the initiative by seizing the Sinai Peninsula. The war began on Oct. 29, 1956, after an announcement that the armies of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan were to be integrated under the Egyptian commander in chief. Israel's Operation Kadesh, commanded by Moshe DAYAN, lasted less than a week; its forces reached the eastern bank of the Suez Canal in about 100 hours, seizing the Gaza Strip and nearly all the Sinai Peninsula. The Sinai operations were supplemented by an Anglo-French invasion of Egypt on November 5, giving the allies control of the northern sector of the Suez Canal. The war was halted by a UN General Assembly resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire and withdrawal of all occupying forces from Egyptian territory. The General Assembly also established a United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to replace the allied troops on the Egyptian side of the borders in Suez, Sinai, and Gaza. By December 22 the last British and French troops had left Egypt. Israel, however, delayed withdrawal, insisting that it receive security guarantees against further Egyptian attack. After several additional UN resolutions calling for withdrawal and after pressure from the United States, Israel's forces left in March 1957. SIX-DAY WAR (1967) Relations between Israel and Egypt remained fairly stable in the following decade. The Suez Canal remained closed to Israeli shipping, the Arab boycott of Israel was maintained, and periodic border clashes occurred between Israel, Syria, and Jordan. However, UNEF prevented direct military encounters between Egypt and Israel. By 1967 the Arab confrontation states--Egypt, Syria,

Mazhatlan Mexico essays

Mazhatlan Mexico essays Palm trees, long beaches, rolling waves, spicy Mexican food, margaritas, and relaxing in the hot sun is what people generally think of when they hear Mazatlan, Mexico. However, a person who has actually stepped off the airplane and felt the hot humid Mexican air blast them in the face would tell you differently. Mazatlan, Mexico is a place with beautiful beaches, however off of the beaches, its a city of poverty filled with people trying to survive. When our airplane was landing, I couldnt believe my eyes. I wondered, Wheres the beach? I even wondered, Wheres the airport? When we had safely landed, we were instructed in both Spanish and English to exit the plane. Instead of walking into a hallway, like most airports, we walked straight down the airplane steps onto the hot cement. Immediately, I could feel the difference in the air I breathed, the temperature I felt, and the surrounding environment. The Mexican air was hot, thick, and moist. When I looked around, all I could see was dirt, dry weeds, a couple of palm trees, the cement from the landing area, and the airport, which was a small, older looking building. It seemed as though we dragged our heavy luggage along the hot cement for what seemed like a mile until we finally reached the doors entering the airport. When I walked inside I felt no temperature change. It was still very hot and humid because they had no air conditioning. The atmosphere smelled like mildew. A s I looked around, I noticed that the chair I would be sitting in for the next hour was made of silver bars with a thin piece of leather laid across the top. I later realized that they were very uncomfortable. In just a couple of minutes, I found out just how poor their country was compared to ours. It didnt seem like the rich tourist city that everyone had made it out to be. The first day I was there, I went down to the beach to relax after the long...

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Business Ethics - Essay Example Maximizing profits should not be the main focus of any business. 2. Argument for Social Responsibility There are many stakeholders in an organization. Some of the important and direct ones are; shareholders, customers, employees, vendors. The usual approach that is adapted by corporations (and advocated by Milton Friedman in the chosen article) is to increase the value for the shareholders and maximize profits as much as possible. John Mackay stated in the chosen feature that maximizing profits would not be the objective of stakeholders like employees and customers. Therefore, a business model should aim to provide value to all of their six stakeholders; customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, societies, environment. This forms the basis of social responsibility. The following are some of the benefits of an ethical approach to manage business: Increases the motivation of the employees Produces better service and products for the customers as per their requirements Earns a posi tive image for the company Attracts new employees Benefits the communities and environment ‘Capitalism’ has been made notorious due to the concept of maximizing profits at all levels. This concept can be marketed in a better manner if it is realized that all constituencies need to be catered in the management of any business.

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil Essay

Unilever's participation in the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil - Essay Example For the past years usage of palm oil has significantly increased and continues to grow. Today consumption of palm oil became 10 times more than it was in 1980. The World Wide Fund for Nature predicts that in 5 years the consumption of palm oil will double, thus making this industry very profitable and beneficial (What is palm oil? n.d.). Palm oil industry, being a profitable business and contributing to the economy of the producers' countries, makes negative impact on environment. The main results of such impact are deforestation (the forests are cut to increase the number of palm oil plantations), climate change (as a result of deforestation), air and water pollution, soil erosion (as fire is usually a mean of deforestation, and palm oil mills produce significant amounts of effluents), species extinction (as a result of climate change and environmental pollution), human health worsening (as a result of climate change and pollution) (What is palm oil? n.d., Sustainable and responsibl e palm oil n.d., Palm oil n.d., Basiron 2014). Because of the negative impact of palm oil industry, the world community started to talk about the necessity to attract attention of this business to the problems, make it sustainable and encourage the corporations, which deal with palm oil industry, to be responsible for their actions. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) can be viewed as a concept, according to which enterprises take into account interests of society, where they operate, and take responsibility for the influence of their activity on environment, society, workers and other stakeholders.

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Staffing Plan for a Growing Business - Assignment Example The assembly-line employees have to take a practical test in order to prove their proficiency in their area of expertise whereas, any experienced lawyer can join the organization as contract administrator. The post will be part-time in nature because the company will not be able to afford a legal expert as a regular employee. The assembly line technicians will get paid on daily basis in order to keep the relevant costs lower in order to enhance the profitability of the company in the opening days. However, once the orders are secured, and the company will start supplying surveillance cameras to different states then, it will be in position to take traditional approach towards organizational structure and culture. In the meanwhile, it has to operate with a loosely coupled system because the future is uncertain to say the least. The volume of sales will cement the identity of the organization or it will destroy the company altogether. The post of control engineer will be permanent beca use his presence will be required at all times. The company will have to make a serious effort in order to provide the employees with healthy environment to work in, and if it cannot do so then, the workers will reserve the right to proceed with legal proceedings upon finding working conditions unsatisfactory. The company at the same time has to offer them minimum wages so that they cannot take the matter to the court as well (Fevre, Robinson, Lewis, & Jones, 2013). Larger percentage of the employees will be doing temporary work, and therefore, they will not have any right to claim healthcare benefits. However, the company has to maintain onsite emergency healthcare service in order to deal with unfortunate mishaps. The practice of staffing does not constitute a random process, but it is rather a sophisticated one indeed, because it has to establish job descriptions, job analyses, and payrolls as well. All of the abovementioned

Identifying Long Term Career Goals

Identifying Long Term Career Goals Identify your long-term goals (five years or longer). A career like accounting is one of the most fulfilling jobs that anyone can be in. It also happens to be very critical as one deals with numbers every day and the numbers determine clients financial stability and a countrys economic state. Some of my long-term goals would be to run an independent business where I would render consultation services to the business corporates and the federal institutions too. I would also wish to maintain a small group of personal clientele would save guard their accounts with me. This would enable me to also fulfill another long term goal of investing in real estate and the stock market. Identify the skills and qualifications related to this type of role. Its important for any aspiring successful accountant to possess certain key skills. One of the most major attributes includes good organization and good organizational skills. Being that an accountant is in charge of handling many responsibilities, a good accountant needs to keep track of the numerous responsibilities one has. This means that the system has to be up to date and effective in terms of organizing transactions by order of date and deadlines. This means that the system should have calendars, alphabetized folders, day planners, color coded posts notes and highlighters as well as good financial apps. This ensures the clients of reliability, competency, and ability to handle the various jobs properly (Topan, 2016). Similarly, its important for a good accountant to be efficient in time management. This enables the workload to be solved by order of urgency. This enables an accountant to meet the set deadlines. Another important quality is adaptability. Being that the accounting world is so dynamic and involving at the same time, an accountant needs to be adaptable to the environment so as to be able to provide quality services to the clients. Its also important for them to be good at communicating. Communication skills in writing or verbal enable good interactions with clients. It also assists in creating good networking as well as creating successful profiles (Topan, 2016). Assess your qualifications you already possess. By now being that I have my own masters certificate in Accounts, it means that I am a credible accountant who can be in charge of various projects with little assistance. I have also managed to forge good connections with my previous clientele from my past employments in local and NGO firms. Likewise, I am slowly infiltrating the real estate world and so, I have some few big qualifications in my resume. Determine new skills, knowledge, certifications, and training needed for the position desired. In order to form my new firm, I will need a list of potential candidates to be in charge of the various departments. I will also need to enroll in a leadership program so as to be able to learn how to govern an organization or even a group of people. I also need to learn on how to be a good role model in terms of integrity, openness and also work ethics. This will help me in the delegation of tasks, raising my confidence, achieving the right required patience and ability to delegate duties to other people as well. Its important to learn on how to maintain work ethics so as to promote loyalty from acquired clients, it will also help me improve on current existing work relationships (Macres, 2010). Create action steps needed to take to be qualified for the position you would like to pursue. From here onwards, I need to enroll in a short course program to be more aware and educated on leaderships. I also need to start reviewing loan application from various financial institutions in order to be able to start the process of beginning my own consultancy firm. I also need to continue to maintain good relationships with my current clientele as well as future clients. References Macres, C. (2010). Where Will You Be in Five Years? Answers. Ledger Link, 1. Topan, R. (2016). 6 Skills You Need To Succeed In Accounting. Talent Tegg, 1.

Thomas Jefferson Essay -- essays research papers

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743 in Albermarle County, Virginia. He was born in a simple four-room house in Shadwell, Virginia, what is now Monticello. His father, Peter Jefferson, was a planter who was a bright, brave, and strong man. His mother was a very gentle lady. She was boring under one of the most distinguished families in the area. His family had prospered since the first Jefferson arrived in America from Whales in 1612. Soon after Jefferson’s birth, the French and British began fighting their third war in a half of century over North America’s territory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jefferson went to an English school at the age of five where he remained for four years. He was then transferred to a Latin school for five years. His father died in 1758 and Thomas was put under the control of Rev. Maury to prepare for college. When he was 17, Thomas enrolled in the college of William and Mart in Williamsburg, VA. He found the college disappointing but extremely liked the town considering it was the biggest community Jefferson had ever seen. He thrived for knowledge and was able to graduate with the highest honors in the college. After college, he studied law under the instruction of George Wythe and was inducted into the practice of law. He did not reamain in this profession for long and in 1764 was elected a representative to the Legislatures of Justices. During this time he became more and more involved in the public life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Also in 1764, he inherited 2,750 acres of his father’s estate. He returned to Shadwell and began building Monticello at the top of an 867 foot mountain. Monticello now overlooks the University of Virginia. It remains a historical landmark and is open for public touring.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1769 Thomas Jefferson took his seat in the House of Burgesses, where he served in Albermarle County until 1776. In 1770 Jefferson’s Shadwell estate caught on fire and many of his families belongings, books, and papers were destroyed. This caused Jefferson to take up residence in Monticello. Thomas married Martha Wayles Skelton, a 23-year-old widow, in 1772. They had six children. Jefferson’s mother, Jane Randolph Jefferson, died in 1776.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thomas Jefferson played a key part in the beginning of America’s Independence from Great Britain. He took part in the sig... ...ditions of the time period. On March 4, 1809, Jefferson retired from public office. He left Washington and returned to his home, Monticello, in Virginia. He never left Virginia again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thomas Jefferson accomplishes many things in the later years of his life. In 1817, he began the founding of the University of Virginia. At the age of 77, he began to work on his autobiography. He also developed a deep relationship with John Adams. They associated with each other all the time. They wrote many letters back and forth from Virginia to Massachusetts. After being ill for many years, he wrote his will in March of 1826. In mid-June, he became bed stricken for the first time in his life. On July 4, 1826, the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson died. He was eighty-three years old. Several hours later John Adams died in Massachusetts his last words being â€Å"Thomas Jefferson still survives†. The nation was struck by this coincidence. Although it would seem that Jefferson was a very rich man, he died more than 100,000 dollars in debt. Thomas Jefferson is known as one of the greatest men of American History.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Main Cultural Differences Between Arab and Us Managers

ISCTE – SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT COMPARATIVE INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT Similarities and Differences between Arab and American Managers Predominant Characteristics 1 2 3 Leadership Style Arab Stereotype Egalitarian, emphasis on peer approval and gain personal acceptance. Consultative Ritual, display a high desired for long-term relations, affective, e. g. , appeals to emotions and feelings, concession seeking. Hard work is a virtue in the light of the needs of man and the necessity to establish equilibrium in one's individual and social life. Family and work are the center of life. Necessary to avoid chaos and to build a family-type environment.American Stereotype Materialistic likes â€Å"wheeling and dealing,† emphasis on opportunities to get ahead. Participative Direct, seeking short-term relations, emphasis on facts and logical analysis,; concessions are made on occasion. Decision Style Negotiation Style 4 Work Orientation Hard work is a virtue by itself, work is the cent er of life. 5 Attitudes Toward Organizational Authority Important to the extent that it facilitates work, less emphasis on hierarchical relations and rules. Impersonal, emphasis on results, thriving on competition, gamesmanship, calculated risks, and maneuvering, documentation is highly valued.All directions written, routine, formal, engages in manipulation of facts, which is justified through the manipulative â€Å"flexible ethics. † Seniority increases in pay are not as effective as merit, incentive awards, opportunity for advancement, and money is extremely important because it's the â€Å"name of the game. † 6 Business Conduct Highly personalized, emphasis on honesty, moral aspects, and verbal commitment, documentation is not highly regarded. Face-to-face, informal, urgent, emphasis on human interest, and stress actual case studies or examples of how programs have benefited the people.Accept longevity and seniority oriented pay increases, emphasis on recognition by the superior for a good job by the group and personal growth as a part of humanity . Motivation comes from social relations, interpersonal transactions, egalitarian value, and opportunity to get paid for helping other. Informal, generally judgment based, emphasis on human relations aspect of the individual performance. Highly subjective, selection depends on personal contacts, nepotism, regionalism, and family name. A sign of something is going wrong, used only in crisis situation. 7 Communication System 8 Reward Systems Motivational System Motivation comes from high achievement, hierarchical advancement and material gains. 10 Performance Appraisal A goal-oriented and wrapped into the organization's planning system, generally objective-based and emphasis on immediate feedback. Relatively objective, standard developed, merit and experience are considered. 11 Recruitment of Personnel Use of Management Consultants 12 Highly regarded and used frequently. Abbas Ali (1988): â€Å"A CROS S-NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF MANAGERIAL WORK VALUE SYSTEMS† In Advances in International Comparative Management, Vol. 3, pages 151-169. 5

Collocation Examples For English Learners

Collocation Examples For English Learners A collocation is made up of two or more words that are commonly used together in English. Think of collocations as words that usually go together. There are different kinds of collocations in English. Strong collocations are word pairings that are expected to come together, such as combinations with make and do: You make a cup of tea, but you do your homework. Collocations are very common in business settings when certain nouns are routinely combined with certain verbs or adjectives. For example, draw up a contract, set a price, conduct negotiations, etc. Collocation Examples Here are a number of common collocations in English: to make the bed I need to make the bed every day. to do homework My son does his homework after dinner. to take a risk Some people don't take enough risks in life. to give someone advice The teacher gave us some advice on taking tests. Verb Collocations Some of the most common collocations involve verb noun collocations used in everyday situations. Here are some examples of the types of verb collocations you will need as you continue learning English. to feel free Please feel free to take a seat and enjoy the show. to come prepared Make sure to come prepared for the test tomorrow. to save time You'll save time if you turn off your smart phone and concentrate on the lesson. to find a replacement We need to find a replacement for Jim as soon as possible. to make progress We're making progress on the project at work. to do the washing up I'll do the washing up and you can put Johnny to bed. Business Collocations Collocations are often used in business and work settings. There are a number of forms including adjectives, nouns and other verbs that combine with keywords to form business expressions.  Here are some business collocations for specific situations. to open an account Would you like to open an account at our bank? to forgive a debt Do you think the bank would forgive a debt? to land a deal We landed a deal worth $3 million. to key in a PIN Just key in your PIN at the ATM and you can make a deposit. to deposit a check I'd like to deposit this check for $100. hard-earned money Once you get a job, you'll know what hard-earned money really is. to close a deal I closed a deal on a new account last week. to write up a contract Let's write up your contract. counterfeit money Be on the lookout for counterfeit money in circulation. Common Expressions Collocations are often used as short expressions to describe how someone feels about a situation. In this case, collocations can be used in the adjective form, or also as emphatic expressions using an intensifier and a verb. Here are a few examples using some common  collocations: positively encourage someone to do something We'd like to positively encourage you to buy this stock. deeply regret the loss of someone / something I deeply regret the loss of your loved one. to be in an utter fury over something Tom's in an utter fury over the misunderstanding with his wife. to go to great lengths to do something He went to a great length to explain the situation. Learn more of these common expressions. Common Adjective CollocationsEmphatic Expressions - Strong Collocations Get a Collocation Dictionary   You can learn collocations from a number of resources. Academics and teachers like to use collocation databases to help study common collocation uses. However, for students one of the best tools is a collocation dictionary. A collocation dictionary is different from normal dictionaries in that it provides you with collocations commonly used with key words rather than a definition. Here is an example of a few of the collocations used  with the verb progress: Progress Adverbs: nicely, satisfactory, smoothly, well  - You are progressing smoothly in this course.| further -  As you further progress, you will learn more.  Verb Progress: fail to -  Hes failing to progress at work.Prepositions: beyond -  She failed to progress beyond high school.  | from, through -  Students should progress from this class with an improved knowledge of the subject.  I highly recommend using the Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English published by Oxford University Press to begin using collocations as a means of improving your vocabulary skills in English.

Macbeths rise and fall

Macbeths rise and fall At the beginning of the play "Macbeth" by Shakespeare, Macbeth is described as the undefeatable hero who has downed high treason and the Norwegian invaders and due to his bravery Scotland can expect a new peace.But on their way to King Duncan the commanders Macbeth and Banquo meet the three witches and their prophecies will change the course of history .Thane of Glamis is supposed to become Thane of Cawdor and afterwards even king and Baquo should become progenitor of kings. After a short while he is greeted as Thane of Cawdor by the king's delegates. Consequently he desires to be king as well and believes that all he has to is to commit regicide. The first sign of his ambition is visible.Unlike the hesitating and reflecting Macbeth his wife is willing to become queen and encourages and incites him. Here Macbeth still shows inhibitions and reason when he claims that being Thane of Cawdor would be good enough for him.Macbeth and Banquo meeting the witches in a woodcu...

Hydro electricity verses wind turbines in the Waikato (New Zeland) Essay

Hydro electricity verses wind turbines in the Waikato (New Zeland) - Essay Example It became evident from the research that wind turbine power generation will lead to low levels of pollution, reduced cost of power production and large amounts of power being generated to the national grid. Although hydro power has dominated the sector of power generation in Waikato, it is expensive to construct a power plant for the generation of hydroelectricity. It leads to pollution of the environment and make aquatic life endangered. To conclude, we have recommended further study on the power production trend and more research into systems for a more effective method and calculation of the cost and benefit analysis between these two methods of electricity generation. Upon evaluation and analysis of these two methods of power generation, we realized that wind power generation systems stand an upper chance to continue generating power for use in Waikato. Wind power already provides some percentage of power into the grand power used in the Waikato Te Uku which is a wind power generating farm about 28 turbines and has produced a fairly high amount of power in watts. This is possibly due to the presence of winds which have speeds going beyond 6metres per second. In future, Waikato residents and business operators would like to get power which is consistently available, cheap and also causes minimal pollution to the environment (Craddock, 2008). Failure to choose the best option between the many options of power generation including the burning of coal will mean continued pollution to the environment and intermittency in the production of power. This report therefore entails; a research plan; (1) the development of evaluation and comparison aspects, (2) data collection, (3) an assessment of the power needs and supply for Waikato, (4) and an interview of an expert from the field and (5) an analysis of the previous and current trends in the power supply. Due to our need of clear information as

Interpretation of financial statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Interpretation of financial statement - Essay Example 60% (2010) = (17,250,000) / 53,580,000 = 32.19% Debt to Equity Ratio Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity (2011) = (33,760,000) / 37,160,000 = 90.85% (2010) = (17,250,000) / 36,330,000 = 47.48% Interest Cover (TIE) Interest Cover = (Earnings before Interest and Taxes + Interest Expense) / Interest Expense (2011) = (12,920,000+ 2,000,000) / 2,000,000 = 7.46x (2010) = (16,905,000 + 1,700,000) / 1,700,000 = 10.94x Profitability Ratios Gross Profit Margin Gross Profit Margin = Gross Profit / Sales (2011) = 25,800,000 / 61,000,000 = 42.30% (2010) = 33,980,000 / 73,200,000 = 46.42% Operating Profit Margin Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit / Sales (2011) = 14,920,000 / 61,000,000 = 24.46% (2010) = 18,605,000 / 73,200,000 = 25.42% Net Profit Margin Net Profit Margin = Net Profit / Sales (2011) = 7,320,000 / 61,000,000 = 12.00% (2010) = 9,578,000 / 73,200,000 = 13.08% Return on Assets Return on Assets = Net Profit / Total Assets (2011) = 7,320,000 / 70,920,000 = 10.32% (2 010) = 9,578,000 / 53,580,000 = 17.88% Return on Equity Return on Equity = Net Profit / Total Equity (2011) = 7,320,000 / 37,160,000 = 19.70% (2010) = 9,578,000 / 36,330,000 = 26.36% Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Return on Capital Employed = (Earnings before Interest and Taxes/Capital Employed)* (2011) = 14,920,000/55,160,000 = 27.05% (2010) = 18,605,000/47,330,000 = 39.31% * Capital Employed = Total Assets – Current Liabilities MARKET RATIOS Earnings per Share Earnings per Share = Net Profit / (Average no. of Outstanding shares) (2011) = 7,320,000 / (20,000,000) = ?0.37 (2010) = 9,578,000 / (18,000,000) =?0.53 Book Value per Share Book Value per Share = Common Equity / (Average no. of Outstanding shares) (2011) = 37,160,000 / (20,000,000) = ?1.86 (2010) = 36,330,000/ (18,000,000) =... BLS Ltd., manufacturer and supplier of customized furniture and fittings in the UK construction market has expanded its operations in newer markets in recent times. The company’s performance improved significantly up till 2010 as the new management which took over in 1996 made strong decisions and adopted an approach based on quality and perseverance. However, analysis of the company’s financial ratios suggests that its financial performance has deteriorated considerably during the last year.Liquidity Ratios The current ratio of the company is just acceptable at 1.27. However this ratio has declined from 2.54 to 1.27. This is a worrying sign for the company as it implies that the company is just about covering its current assets with its current liabilities. In other words, the company is finding it much more difficult to meet its short term obligations now than a year ago (Besley et al. 2008). As a result, the working capital of the company has also decreased by a sign ificant margin. Consequently, BLS Ltd.’s liquidity position has also worsened. The decrease in Quick/Acid Test Ratio from 1.36 to 0.68 is also quite alarming. This ratio is obtained by removing inventories from the equation which are considered to be the least liquid of all assets. This ratio implies that the company is covering just around 68% of its liabilities. The chief reason for these changes is the increase in current liabilities by more than 100% as the company has expanded its activities.